Residual flood damage under intensive adaptation

The risk of river flooding is expected to increase with climate change and socioeconomic development, therefore additional protection measures are required reduce the potential for increased flood damage. While studies have investigated effectiveness adaptation risks, none has evaluated residual damage (RFD), which reflects projected in under intensive adaptation. Here we evaluate RFD several objectives using an inundation model incorporating estimates a cost–benefit analysis, estimate that China, India Latin American countries can achieve higher levels will even extreme scenarios. However, high (exceeding 0.1% subnational administrative gross domestic product) remains, especially eastern northern central Africa. could be reduced shorter construction periods or lower costs, implying need immediate appropriate actions, including enhanced financial support high-risk regions. Residual remaining from floods after been implemented, estimated across globe various scenarios projections. remains some Asian African regions, suggesting limit there.